The complexity of Neuroscience requires solid basic research to explore the mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological mechanisms but also the possibility to translate the basic research findings in the clinical setting. For this reason, translational research activities are extremely important for the development of new tools/approaches aimed to treat patients with an individualized approach. Moreover, there is an increasing need of connection between Neuroscience and other research areas, including immunology, infectiology, metabolic medicine, for the better understanding of complex neurological disorders and its management. The study of omics data, with particular focus on genetics, epigenetics and immunosequencing, will continue to increase given the complexity of disorders like multiple sclerosis. So far, significant efforts have been devoted in understanding the susceptibility factors involved in the disease but still several factors need to be explored to better understand the heterogeneity of the disease in terms of clinical manifestation, treatment response and disease severity. Deep phenotyping and the use of the more advanced technologies, including deep sequencing and single cell sequencing, will be strongly exploited in the next future.